The benefits of folic acid in pregnancy

Recent research has shown that women who have a high level of the vitamin B9 (folate or folic acid), before they become pregnant, are less likely to give birth to a baby with the abnormality known as neural tube defect.

What happens if a baby's neural tube is defective?

The neural tube is that part of the developing foetus from which the skull, brain and spine develop. Defects in this system occur in about one in 500 babies. The most common defect is spina bifida, affecting the lower spine. Other defects include anencephaly in which the brain does not form properly. Babies with these defects often die, others have problems with walking and with bowel and bladder control.

It has now been shown that a diet rich in folate, before and in early pregnancy, will prevent up to 70 per cent of these deformities.

Sources of folate

Folate is found in most plant foods, especially green leafy vegetables, wholegrain breads, cereals and legumes (peas, beans and lentils). Cooking and prolonged storage will destroy the vitamin, so it is best to eat fruit and vegetables that are fresh, raw or only cooked lightly.

Folic acid is also available in tablet form. The New Zealand Ministry of Health advises women to take extra folic acid for at least one month before getting pregnant and for the first three months of pregnancy. This aids the baby’s development and helps prevent neural tube defects. Some women require higher doses of folic acid - check with your pharmacist about the dose you should take.

If you are planning to get pregnant, discuss your diet with your doctor. Be sure that you are getting plenty of folate to reduce the risk of this rare, but serious, problem for your baby.

Original article in Your Doctor. Dr Michael Jones, Medical Editor. Reviewed by everybody, March 2005.