Tooth decay is a significant problem for New Zealand children, and a recent piece of research shows a link between poor maternal oral health and early childhood dental decay. The Ministry of Health commissioned a study by the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute to review national and international studies on the general and oral health of mothers and the oral health of their children. Almost all the studies found parents’ oral health (mostly mothers) was related to that of their children, even though cause and effect were not established. The report recommends targeting oral health promotion and strategies to pregnant women and those with young children, particularly in high-risk populations. The review, Maternal and Child Oral Health - Systematic Review and Analysis, also found there is poor information on the levels of dental disease in New Zealand under-fives. There is some evidence of a link between periodontal (gum) disease in the mother and poor birth outcomes, such as low birthweight. The review also found that fluoride in drinking water and toothpaste are important in supporting the mother’s and child’s oral health.